Hartmann, Stephan (2007) Modeling in Philosophy of Science. [Preprint]

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Abstract

Models are a principle instrument of modern science. They are built, applied, tested, compared, revised and interpreted in an expansive scientific literature. Throughout this paper, I will argue that models are also a valuable tool for the philosopher of science. In particular, I will discuss how the methodology of Bayesian Networks can elucidate two central problems in the philosophy of science. The first thesis I will explore is the variety-of-evidence thesis, which argues that the more varied the supporting evidence, the greater the degree of confirmation for a given hypothesis. However, when investigated using Bayesian methodology, this thesis turns out not to be sacrosanct. In fact, under certain conditions, a hypothesis receives more confirmation from evidence that is obtained from one rather than more instruments, and from evidence that confirms one rather than more testable consequences of the hypothesis. The second challenge that I will investigate is scientific theory change. This application highlights a different virtue of modeling methodology. In particular, I will argue that Bayesian modeling illustrates how two seemingly unrelated aspects of theory change, namely the (Kuhnian) stability of (normal) science and the ability of anomalies to over turn that stability and lead to theory change, are in fact united by a single underlying principle, in this case, coherence. In the end, I will argue that these two examples bring out some metatheoretical reflections regarding the following questions: What are the differences between modeling in science and modeling in philosophy? What is the scope of the modeling method in philosophy? And what does this imply for our understanding of Bayesianism?

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Item Type:	Preprint
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID Hartmann, Stephan
Additional Information:	A shortened version of this paper will appear in: M. Frauchiger and W.K. Essler (eds.), Representation, Evidence, and Justification: Themes from Suppes (Lauener Library of Analytical Philosophy; vol. 1). Frankfurt: ontos Verlag 2008.
Keywords:	Bayesianism, Modeling, Theory Change
Subjects:	General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Models and Idealization General Issues > Theory Change General Issues > Reductionism/Holism
Depositing User:	Stephan Hartmann
Date Deposited:	04 Nov 2007
Last Modified:	07 Oct 2010 15:15
Item ID:	3630
Subjects:	General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Models and Idealization General Issues > Theory Change General Issues > Reductionism/Holism
Date:	October 2007
URI:	https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/3630

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