How Galileo dropped the ball and Fermat picked it up

Roberts, Bryan W. (2009) How Galileo dropped the ball and Fermat picked it up.

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Abstract

This paper introduces a little-known episode in the history of physics, in which a mathematical proof by Pierre Fermat vindicated Galileo's characterization of freefall. The first part of the paper reviews the historical context leading up to Fermat's proof. The second part illustrates how a physical and a mathematical insight enabled Fermat's result, and that a simple modification would satisfy any of Fermat's critics. The result is an illustration of how a purely theoretical argument can settle an apparently empirical debate.

Keywords:foundations of physics, history of mathematics, freefall, acceleration, Galileo, Fermat
Subjects:Specific Sciences: Physics: Classical Physics
General Issues: Theory Change
General Issues: History of Science Case Studies
ID Code:4917
Deposited By:Roberts, Bryan
Deposited On:27 September 2009
Additional Information:Forthcoming in Synthese.