Bonnin, Thomas (2020) Monist and pluralist approaches on underdetermination: a case study in evolutionary microbiology.
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Text (Full version on request at thomas.bonnin.hps@gmail.com)
Bonnin T. (2020) - Monist and Pluralist Approaches on Underdetermination.pdf - Published Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 28 September 2021. Download (689kB) |
Abstract
Philosophers have usually highlighted how the weakness and paucity of historical evidence underdetermine the choice between rival historical explanations. Focusing underdetermination on the link between theory and evidence comes, I argue, with three assumptions: (a) competing hypotheses are easy to generate, (b) investigators agree on the constitution and interpretation of the evidence and (c) a plurality of hypotheses is a useful evil to reach consensus. The last assumption implies that the sustained coexistence of incompatible hypotheses is considered as a scientific failure. I argue that this negative vision of sustained disagreement has monistic undertones. By drawing from a case study in evolutionary biology, this paper defends a form of scientific pluralism. Firstly, I show that underdetermination is not only found at the inferential level but also (a) at the level of the constitution and interpretation of the evidence, (b) on the choice of investigative scaffolds and (c) when interpreting background theories. Because of that, competing hypotheses exhibit a degree of methodological incommensurability. While catastrophic from a monistic standpoint, I defend that scientific pluralism gives a different, and I think richer, account of such situations. On the plus side, competing approaches benefit from their sustained coexistence and interaction. I argue that this generates direct and indirect epistemic goods independently of whether the controversy is solved. Scientific pluralism also shifts our attention from achieving consensus to managing disagreement. The challenge becomes to maintain the conditions for fruitful interactions in a community with incommensurable approaches and heterogeneous expertise.
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| Item Type: | Published Article or Volume | ||||||
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| Keywords: | Scientific pluralism; scientific monism; underdetermination; evolutionary biology | ||||||
| Subjects: | Specific Sciences > Biology > Evolutionary Theory General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Evidence General Issues > History of Philosophy of Science |
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| Depositing User: | Dr. Thomas Bonnin | ||||||
| Date Deposited: | 16 Oct 2020 14:06 | ||||||
| Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2020 14:06 | ||||||
| Item ID: | 18202 | ||||||
| Official URL: | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10838-0... | ||||||
| DOI or Unique Handle: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09513-7 | ||||||
| Subjects: | Specific Sciences > Biology > Evolutionary Theory General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Evidence General Issues > History of Philosophy of Science |
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| Date: | 28 September 2020 | ||||||
| URI: | https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/18202 |
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