2024-03-29T12:13:26Z
http:///cgi/oai2
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:70
2010-10-07T15:09:58Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/70/
Gauge Matters
Earman, John
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Relativity Theory
The constrained Hamiltonian formalism is recommended as a means for getting a grip on the concepts of gauge and gauge transformation. This formalism makes it clear how the gauge concept is relevant to understanding Newtonian and classical relativistic theories as well as the theories of elementary particle physics; it provides an explication of the vague notions of "local" and "global" gauge transformations; it explains how and why a fibre bundle structure emerges for theories which do not wear their bundle structure on their sleeves; it illuminates the connections of the gauge concept to issues of determinism and what counts as a genuine "observable"; and it calls attention to problems which arise in attempting to quantize gauge theories. Some of the limitations and problematic aspects of the formalism are also discussed.
2001-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/70/1/RevPSAShort.pdf
Earman, John (2001) Gauge Matters. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:73
2010-10-07T15:09:59Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/73/
Are Rindler Quanta Real? Inequivalent Particle Concepts in Quantum Field Theory
Clifton, Rob
Halvorson, Hans
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Philosophical reflection on quantum field theory has tended to focus on how it revises our conception of what a particle is. However, there has been relatively little discussion of the threat to the "reality" of particles posed by the possibility of inequivalent quantizations of a classical field theory, i.e., inequivalent representations of the algebra of observables of the field in terms of operators on a Hilbert space. The threat is that each representation embodies its own distinctive conception of what a particle is, and how a "particle" will respond to a suitably operated detector. Our main goal is to clarify the subtle relationship between inequivalent representations of a field theory and their associated particle concepts. We also have a particular interest in the Minkowski versus Rindler quantizations of a free Boson field, because they respectively entail two radically different descriptions of the particle content of the field in the *very same* region of spacetime. We shall defend the idea that these representations provide *complementary descriptions* of the same state of the field against the claim that they embody completely *incommensurable theories* of the field.
2000-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/73/1/rindler.pdf
Clifton, Rob and Halvorson, Hans (2000) Are Rindler Quanta Real? Inequivalent Particle Concepts in Quantum Field Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:113
2010-10-07T15:10:02Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/113/
The Principles of Gauging
Lyre, Holger
Fields and Particles
The aim of this paper is twofold: First, to present an examination of the principles underlying gauge field theories. I shall argue that there are two principles directly connected to the two well-known theorems of Emmy Noether concerning global and local symmetries of the free matter-field Lagrangian, in the following referred to as "conservation principle" and "gauge principle". Since both these express nothing but certain symmetry features of the free field theory, they are not sufficient to derive a true interaction coupling to a new gauge field. For this purpose it is necessary to advocate a third, truly empirical principle which may be understood as a generalization of the equivalence principle. The second task of the paper is to deal with the ontological question concerning the reality status of gauge potentials in the light of the proposed logical structure of gauge theories. A nonlocal interpretation of topological effects in gauge theories and, thus, the non-reality of gauge potentials in accordance with the generalized equivalence principle will be favoured.
2001-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/113/1/0101047.pdf
Lyre, Holger (2001) The Principles of Gauging. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:153
2010-10-07T15:10:06Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/153/
The present moment in quantum cosmology: Challenges to the arguments for the elimination of time
Smolin, Lee
Cosmology
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
Barbour, Hawking, Misner and others have argued that time cannot play an essential role in the formulation of a quantum theory of cosmology. Here we present three challenges to their arguments, taken from works and remarks by Kauffman, Markopoulou and Newman. These can be seen to be based on two principles: that every observable in a theory of cosmology should be measurable by some observer inside the universe, and all mathematical constructions necessary to the formulation of the theory should be realizable in a finite time by a computer that fits inside the universe. We also briefly discuss how a cosmological theory could be formulated so it is in agreement with these principles.
2000-10
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/153/1/present2.pdf
Smolin, Lee (2000) The present moment in quantum cosmology: Challenges to the arguments for the elimination of time. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:195
2010-10-07T15:10:09Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/195/
No place for particles in relativistic quantum theories?
Halvorson, Hans
Clifton, Rob
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Several recent arguments purport to show that there can be no relativistic, quantum-mechanical theory of localizable particles and, thus, that relativity and quantum mechanics can be reconciled only in the context of quantum field theory. We point out some loopholes in the existing arguments, and we provide two no-go theorems to close these loopholes. However, even with these loopholes closed, it does not yet follow that relativity plus quantum mechanics exclusively requires a field ontology, since relativistic quantum field theory itself might permit an ontology of localizable particles supervenient on the fundamental fields. Thus, we provide another no-go theorem to rule out this possibility. Finally, we allay potential worries about this conclusion by arguing that relativistic quantum field theory can nevertheless explain the possibility of "particle detections," as well as the pragmatic utility of "particle talk."
2001-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/195/1/archive.pdf
Halvorson, Hans and Clifton, Rob (2001) No place for particles in relativistic quantum theories? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:197
2010-10-07T15:10:09Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/197/
On the Nature of Measurement Records in Relativistic Quantum Field Theory
Barrett, Jeffrey A.
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
A resolution of the quantum measurement problem would require one to explain how it is that we end up with determinate records at the end of our measurements. Metaphysical commitments typically do real work in such an explanation. Indeed, one should not be satisfied with one's metaphysical commitments unless one can provide some account of determinate measurement records. I will explain some of the problems in getting determinate records in relativistic quantum field theory and pay particular attention to the relationship between the measurement problem and a generalized version of Malament's theorem.
2000-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
tex-latex
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/197/1/precords.tex
Barrett, Jeffrey A. (2000) On the Nature of Measurement Records in Relativistic Quantum Field Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:215
2015-09-13T14:52:26Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:726564756374696F6E69736D2D686F6C69736D
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/215/
Why Be a Fundamentalist: Reply to Schaffer
Callender, Craig
Fields and Particles
Reductionism/Holism
This is my commentary on Jonathan Schaffer's paper "Evidence for Fundamentality?"; both the paper and comments were presented at the Pacific APA, San Francisco, March 2001. Schaffer argues against the view that there is an ultimate fundamental level to the world. Seeing that quarks and leptons may have an infinite hierarchy of constituents, he claims, empowers and dignifies the whole of nature (15). Like Kant he holds that there are as good reasons for believing matter infinitely divisible as composed of fundamental simples. I'm afraid that Schaffer's provocative arguments have not convinced me. In the paper, I criticize the idea that fundamentalism 'weakens' and 'denigrates' the whole of nature and try to show that an infinite hierarchy can not do the work Schaffer needs it to. I then argue that we should not in fact be agnostic between the two rival hypotheses.
2001-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/215/1/comments_on_schaffer.doc
Callender, Craig (2001) Why Be a Fundamentalist: Reply to Schaffer. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:248
2010-10-07T15:10:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/248/
Space-time relationism in Newtonian and relativistic physics
Dieks, Dennis
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Relativity Theory
I argue that there is a natural relationist interpretation of Newtonian and relativistic non-quantum physics. Although relationist, this interpretation does not fall prey to the traditional objections based on the existence of inertial effects.
2000-01
Other
PeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/248/1/SPACE.doc
Dieks, Dennis (2000) Space-time relationism in Newtonian and relativistic physics. UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:325
2010-10-07T15:20:17Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:328
2010-10-07T15:10:20Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/328/
On the Reality of Gauge Potentials
Healey, Richard
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Mechanics
Realism/Anti-realism
Classically, a gauge potential was merely a convenient device for generating a corresponding gauge field. Quantum-mechanically, a gauge potential lays claim to independent status as a further feature of the physical situation. But whether this is a local or a global feature is not made any clearer by the variety of mathematical structures used to represent it. I argue that in the theory of electromagnetism (or a non-Abelian generalization) that describes quantum particles subject to a classical interaction, the gauge potential is best understood as a feature of the physical situation whose global character is most naturally represented by the holonomies of closed curves in space-time.
2001-06
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/328/1/RLGAUG%2Bfiguresfinal.pdf
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/328/2/RLGAUGfinal.doc
Healey, Richard (2001) On the Reality of Gauge Potentials. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:346
2010-10-07T15:10:20Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/346/
Locality, Localization, and the Particle Concept: Topics in the Foundations of Quantum Field Theory
Halvorson, Hans
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
This dissertation reconsiders some traditional issues in the foundations of quantum mechanics in the context of relativistic quantum field theory (RQFT); and it considers some novel foundational issues that arise first in the context of RQFT. The first part of the dissertation considers quantum nonlocality in RQFT. Here I show that the generic state of RQFT displays Bell correlations relative to measurements performed in any pair of spacelike separated regions, no matter how distant. I also show that local systems in RQFT are "open" to influence from their environment, in the sense that it is generally impossible to perform local operations that would remove the entanglement between a local system and any other spacelike separated system. The second part of the dissertation argues that RQFT does not support a particle ontology -- at least if particles are understood to be localizable objects. In particular, while RQFT permits us to describe situations in which a determinate number of particles are present, it does not permit us to speak of the location of any individual particle, nor of the number of particles in any particular region of space. Nonetheless, the absence of localizable particles in RQFT does not threaten the integrity of our commonsense concept of a localized object. Indeed, RQFT itself predicts that descriptions in terms of localized objects can be quite accurate on the macroscopic level. The third part of the dissertation examines the so-called observer-dependence of the particle concept in RQFT -- that is, whether there are any particles present must be relativized to an observer's state of motion. Now, it is not uncommon for modern physical theories to subsume observer-dependent descriptions under a more general observer-independent description of some underlying state of affairs. However, I show that the conflicting accounts concerning the particle content of the field cannot be reconciled in this way. In fact, I argue that these conflicting accounts should be thought of as "complementary" in the same sense that position and momentum descriptions are complementary in elementary quantum mechanics.
2001-04
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/346/1/main-new.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/346/2/main-new.ps
Halvorson, Hans (2001) Locality, Localization, and the Particle Concept: Topics in the Foundations of Quantum Field Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:364
2010-10-07T15:10:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/364/
Gauge Gravity and the Unification of Natural Forces
Liu, Chuang
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Relativity Theory
Physics seems to tell us that there are four fundamental force-fields in nature: the gravitational, the electromagnetic, the weak, and the strong force-field (or interactions). But it also seems to tell us that gravity cannot possibly be a force-field, in the same sense as the other three are. And yet the search for a grand unification of all four force-fields is today one of the hottest pursuits in it. Is this the result of a simple confusion? This paper aims at clarifying this situation by doing the following: (i) examine the conception of unification of force-fields; (ii) review the gauge-field program in view of the above examination; (iii) review the various attempts at a gauge theory of gravity; and (iv) articulate the nature of 'gauging' and using it to explain the difference between gravity and the other force-fields.
2001-02
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/364/1/gaugegravity.mass.2.01.pdf
Liu, Chuang (2001) Gauge Gravity and the Unification of Natural Forces. UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:380
2010-10-07T15:10:25Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/380/
General Covariance, Gauge Theories and the Kretschmann Objection.
Norton, John D.
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Relativity Theory
How can we reconcile two claims that are now both widely accepted: Kretschmann's claim that a requirement of general covariance is physically vacuous and the standard view that the general covariance of general relativity expresses the physically important diffeomorphism gauge freedom of general relativity? I urge that both claims can be held without contradiction if we attend to the context in which each is made.
2001-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/380/1/NortonGCGTKO.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/380/2/NortonGCGTKO.ps
rtf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/380/3/NortonGCGTKO.rtf
Norton, John D. (2001) General Covariance, Gauge Theories and the Kretschmann Objection. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:404
2010-10-07T15:10:28Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:7374727563747572652D6F662D7468656F72696573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/404/
A versus B! Topological nonseparability and the Aharonov-Bohm effect
Eynck, Tim Oliver
Lyre, Holger
Rummell, Nicolai von
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Structure of Theories
Since its discovery in 1959 the Aharonov-Bohm effect has continuously been the cause for controversial discussions of various topics in modern physics, e.g. the reality of gauge potentials, topological effects and nonlocalities. In the present paper we juxtapose the two rival interpretations of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We show that the conception of nonlocality encountered in the Aharonov-Bohm effect is closely related to the nonseparability which is common in quantum mechanics albeit distinct from it due to its topological nature. We propose a third alternative interpretation based on the loop space of holonomies which serves to solve some of the problems and we trace back the topological nonlocality and thereby the Aharonov-Bohm effect to their quantum mechanical origin. All three discussed interpretations are, of course, empirically equivalent. In fact, they present us with an instructive case study for the thesis of theory underdetermination by empirical data.
2001-09
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/404/1/Ab.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/404/2/Ab.ps
Eynck, Tim Oliver and Lyre, Holger and Rummell, Nicolai von (2001) A versus B! Topological nonseparability and the Aharonov-Bohm effect. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:416
2010-10-07T15:20:19Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:434
2010-10-07T15:20:20Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:459
2010-10-07T15:10:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/459/
Indiscernibles, General Covariance, and Other Symmetries
Saunders, Simon
Classical Physics
Cosmology
Fields and Particles
Physics
Leibniz's principle of identity of indiscernibles, formulated in modern logical terms, can be applied in a uniform way to all the exact physical symmetries, including the diffeomorphism group of general relativity. The framework that results is a form of relationalism, although it is not wedded to any reductionist program. Objections to near neighbours of these claims, by Stachel and Earman respectively, are considered and rejected.
2001-08
Other
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/459/1/stachel.pdf
Saunders, Simon (2001) Indiscernibles, General Covariance, and Other Symmetries. UNSPECIFIED. (In Press)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:477
2010-10-07T15:20:21Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:481
2010-10-07T15:10:35Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/481/
Null Cones in Lorentz-Covariant General Relativity
Pitts, J. Brian
Schieve, W. C.
Fields and Particles
Relativity Theory
The oft-neglected issue of the causal structure in the flat spacetime approach to Einstein's theory of gravity is considered. Consistency requires that the flat metric's null cone be respected, but this does not automatically happen. After reviewing the history of this problem, we introduce a generalized eigenvector formalism to give a kinematic description of the relation between the two null cones, based on the Segre' classification of symmetric rank 2 tensors with respect to a Lorentzian metric. Then we propose a method to enforce special relativistic causality by using the gauge freedom to restrict the configuration space suitably. A set of new variables just covers this smaller configuration space and respects the flat metric's null cone automatically. Respecting the flat metric's null cone ensures that the spacetime is globally hyperbolic, indicating that the Hawking black hole information loss paradox does not arise in the special relativistic approach to Einstein's theory.
2001-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/481/1/NullConesLANL.pdf
Pitts, J. Brian and Schieve, W. C. (2001) Null Cones in Lorentz-Covariant General Relativity. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:512
2010-10-07T15:10:37Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/512/
The Problem of Inertia (in german)
Giulini, Domenico
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Relativity Theory
It is well known that the concept of "force", if based on "interaction", becomes problematic when applied to "inertia". I review some well known historical arguments (Newton, Mach), move to some slightly less well known contributions (Neumann, Lange, Thomson, Tait, the Friedlaender brothers), and discuss the situation that we now face in general relativity.
2001-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/512/1/Traegheit.pdf
Giulini, Domenico (2001) The Problem of Inertia (in german). [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:527
2010-10-07T15:10:39Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/527/
Symmetry and Gauge Freedom
Belot, Gordon
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
What is the significance of gauge freedom? This paper makes a start on answering this and other interpretative questions about classical and quantum gauge theories by situating classical gauge freedom in a framework in which its similarities to, and differences from, more familiar symmetries becomes apparent.
2002-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/527/1/gauge_dvi.pdf
Belot, Gordon (2002) Symmetry and Gauge Freedom. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:583
2010-10-07T15:20:25Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:649
2010-10-07T15:10:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/649/
Reeh-Schlieder meets Newton-Wigner
Fleming, Gordon N.
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
The Reeh-Schlieder theorem asserts the vacuum and certain other states to be spacelike superentangled relative to local fields. This motivates an inquiry into the physical status of various concepts of localization. It is argued that a covariant generalization of Newton-Wigner localization is a physically illuminating concept. When analyzed in terms of nonlocally covariant quantum fields, creating and annihilating quanta in Newton-Wigner localized states, the vacuum is seen to not possess the spacelike superentanglement that the Reeh-Schlieder theorem displays relative to local fields, and to be locally empty as well as globally empty. Newton-Wigner localization is then shown to be physically interpretable in terms of a covariant generalization of the center of energy, the two localizations being identical if the system has no internal angular momentum. Finally, some of the counterintuitive features of Newton-Wigner localization are shown to have close analogues in classical special relativity.
1998
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/649/1/RS_meets_NW%2C_PDF.pdf
Fleming, Gordon N. (1998) Reeh-Schlieder meets Newton-Wigner. UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:651
2010-10-07T15:10:52Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/651/
Reality, measurement and locality in Quantum Field Theory
Tommasini, Daniele
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
It is currently believed that the local causality of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is destroyed by the measurement process. This belief is also based on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and on the so-called Bell's theorem, that are thought to prove the existence of a mysterious, instantaneous action between distant measurements. However, I have shown recently that the EPR argument is removed, in an interpretation-independent way, by taking into account the fact that the Standard Model of Particle Physics prevents the production of entangled states with a definite number of particles. This result is used here to argue in favor of a statistical interpretation of QFT and to show that it allows for a full reconciliation with locality and causality. Within such an interpretation, as Ballentine and Jarret pointed out long ago, Bell's theorem does not demonstrate any nonlocality.
2002-05
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/651/1/locaqft.pdf
Tommasini, Daniele (2002) Reality, measurement and locality in Quantum Field Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:711
2010-10-07T15:10:57Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:737461746973746963616C2D6D656368616E6963732D746865726D6F64796E616D696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/711/
Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles
Huggett, Nick
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Statistical Mechanics/Thermodynamics
A number of commentators (especially French and Redhead, 1988, and Butterfield, 1993) have investigated the status of the principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII) for bosons and fermions. In this paper I extend that investigation to the full range of quantum particles of any allowed kind of statistics -- `quarticles', that is. I show that for any kind (except bosons and fermions) there are states in which PII is violated by every pair of particles, some pairs and not others, and by no pairs.
2002-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/711/1/oxfordpreprint.pdf
Huggett, Nick (2002) Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:714
2010-10-07T15:20:33Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:779
2010-10-07T15:20:41Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:781
2010-10-07T15:11:02Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:6368616F732D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:636F6D70757465722D736369656E6365
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/781/
Spacetime Memory: Phase-Locked Geometric Phases
Binder, Bernd
Complex Systems
Computer Science
Fields and Particles
Mathematics
Quantum Mechanics
Spacetime memory is defined with a holonomic approach to information processing, where multi-state stability is introduced by a non-linear phase-locked loop. Geometric phases serve as the carrier of physical information and geometric memory (of orientation) given by a path integral measure of curvature that is periodically refreshed. Regarding the resulting spin-orbit coupling and gauge field, the geometric nature of spacetime memory suggests to assign intrinsic computational properties to the electromagnetic field.
2002-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/781/1/berrycomp06.pdf
Binder, Bernd (2002) Spacetime Memory: Phase-Locked Geometric Phases. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:794
2010-10-07T15:11:03Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/
Falling Cats, Parallel Parking, and Polarized Light
Batterman, Robert
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Physics
This paper addresses issues surrounding the concept of geometric phase or "anholonomy". Certain physical phenomena apparently require for their explanation and understanding, reference to toplogocial/geometric features of some abstract space of parameters. These issues are related to the question of how gauge structures are to be interpreted and whether or not the debate over their "reality" is really going to be fruitful.
2002-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf
Batterman, Robert (2002) Falling Cats, Parallel Parking, and Polarized Light. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:799
2010-10-07T15:11:03Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/799/
Classical nonlocal models for quantum field states
Morgan, Peter
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Classical nonlocal field models consisting of probability density functionals over functions defined everywhere on Minkowski space are constructed directly from a quantum field state, using functional methods.
2002
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/799/1/quant-ph-0111027.pdf
Morgan, Peter (2002) Classical nonlocal models for quantum field states. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:810
2010-10-07T15:11:04Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/810/
Iterative Interplay between Aharonov-Bohm Deficit Angle and Berry Phase
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Geometric phases can be observed by interference as preferred scattering directions in the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect or as Berry phase shifts leading to precession on cyclic paths. Without curvature single-valuedness is lost in both case. It is shown how the deficit angle of the AB conic metric and the geometric precession cone vertex angle of the Berry phase can be adjusted to restore single-valuedness. The resulting interplay between both phases confirms the non--linear iterative system providing for generalized fine structure constants obtained in the preliminary work. Topological solitons of the scalar coupling field emerge as localized, non-dispersive and non-singular solutions of the (complex) sine-Gordon equation with a relation to the Thirring coupling constant and non-linear optics.
2002-09
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/810/1/BerryAB6.pdf
Binder, Bernd (2002) Iterative Interplay between Aharonov-Bohm Deficit Angle and Berry Phase. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:818
2010-10-07T15:11:06Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/818/
Charge as the Stereographic Projection of Geometric Precession on Pseudospheres
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Mathematics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
In this paper geometric phases (Berry and Aharonov-Bohm) are generalized to nonlinear topological phase fields on pseudospheres, where the coordinate vector field is parallel transported along the signal/soliton vector field with Levi--Civita connection. Projective PSL(2,R} symmetry describes the relativistic self-interacting bosonic sine-Gordon field. A Coulomb potential can be induced as the stereographic projection of a harmonic oscillator potential mapping angles or phases to distances and vice versa resulting in mutual coupling with a generalized coupling constant given by a nonlinear iteration. With single-valuedness requirement in 137-gonal symmetry it fits within a few ppb uncertainty to the Sommerfeld fine structure constant.
2002-09
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/818/1/mapping6.pdf
Binder, Bernd (2002) Charge as the Stereographic Projection of Geometric Precession on Pseudospheres. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:841
2010-10-07T15:11:09Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/841/
Topological Phase Fields, Baecklund Transformations, and Fine Structure
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Mathematics
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum coupling is defined by comparing the evolution of an input to an output phase, where the phase is evolving on a curved pseudospherical surface. The difference given by interference obeys a single-valuedness condition since the output phase is coupling back to the input phase. We arrive at B\"acklund transforms and corresponding sine-Gordon soliton equation. The idealized resonance or feedback condition corresponds to an oscillator potential that can be mapped by projective geometry to Coulomb coupling, where the effective coupling strength can be iteratively determined.
2002-10
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/841/1/simplechain3.pdf
Binder, Bernd (2002) Topological Phase Fields, Baecklund Transformations, and Fine Structure. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:892
2010-10-07T15:11:15Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/892/
Soliton Coupling Driven by Phase Fluctuations in Auto-Parametric Resonance
Bernd, Binder
Fields and Particles
Mathematics
Quantum Field Theory
In this paper the interaction of sine-Gordon solitons and mediating linear waves is modelled by a special case of auto-parametric resonance, the Rayleigh-type self-excited non-linear autonomous system driven by a statistical phase gradient related to the soliton energy. Spherical symmetry can stimulate "whispering gallery modes" (WGM) with integral coupling number M=137.
2002-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/892/1/rayleigh07.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/892/2/rayleigh07.ps
Bernd, Binder (2002) Soliton Coupling Driven by Phase Fluctuations in Auto-Parametric Resonance. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:905
2010-10-07T15:20:46Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:918
2010-10-07T15:11:17Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/918/
Higher-Dimensional Solitons Stabilized by Opposite Charge
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Mathematics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
In this paper it is shown how higher-dimensional solitons can be stabilized by a topological phase gradient, a field-induced shift in effective dimensionality. As a prototype, two instable 2-dimensional radial symmetric Sine-Gordon extensions (pulsons) are coupled by a sink/source term such, that one becomes a stable 1d and the other a 3d wave equation. The corresponding physical process is identified as a polarization that fits perfectly to preliminary considerations regarding the nature of electric charge and background of 1/137. The coupling is iterative with convergence limit and bifurcation at high charge. It is driven by the topological phase gradient or non-local Gauge potential that can be mapped to a local oscillator potential under PSL(2,R).
2001-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/918/1/doubleSG05.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/918/2/doubleSG05.ps
Binder, Bernd (2001) Higher-Dimensional Solitons Stabilized by Opposite Charge. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:919
2010-10-07T15:11:17Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/919/
Soliton Compton Mass from Auto-Parametric Wave-Soliton Coupling
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
In this paper a self-excited Rayleigh-type system models the auto-parametric wave-soliton coupling via phase fluctuations. The parameter of dissipative terms determine not only the most likely quantum coupling between solitons and linear waves but also the most likely mass of the solitons. Phase fluctuations are mediated by virtual photons coupling at light-velocity in a permanent Compton scattering process. With a reference to the SI-units and proper scaling relations in length and velocity, the final result shows a highly interesting sequence: the likely soliton Compton mass is about 1.00138 times the neutron and 1.00276 times the proton mass.
2002-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/919/1/beta11.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/919/2/beta11.ps
Binder, Bernd (2002) Soliton Compton Mass from Auto-Parametric Wave-Soliton Coupling. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:926
2010-10-07T15:11:18Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/926/
Symmetries in physics: philosophical reflections
Brading, Katherine A.
Castellani, Elena
Classical Physics
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
This is the table of contents and first chapter of "Symmetries in physics: philosophical reflections", edited by Katherine Brading and Elena Castellani, Cambridge University Press, 2003. As the organisers of the philosophy of physics workshop on symmetries held in Oxford in January 2001, we decided to bring together in one book the current philosophical discussions of symmetry in physics. Symmetry considerations dominate modern fundamental physics, both in quantum theory and in relativity. Philosophers are now beginning to devote increasing attention to such issues as the significance of gauge symmetry, the role of symmetry-breaking, the empirical status of symmetry principles, and so forth. These issues relate directly to traditional problems in the philosophy of science, including the status of the laws of nature, the relationships between mathematics, physical theory, and the world, and the extent to which mathematics dictates physics.
2002-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/926/1/symmetrybook.pdf
Brading, Katherine A. and Castellani, Elena (2002) Symmetries in physics: philosophical reflections. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:944
2010-10-07T15:11:19Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/944/
Bosonization and Iterative Relations Beyond Field Theories
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Solitons can be well described by the Lagrange formalism of effective field theories. But usually mass and coupling constants constitute phenomenological dimensions without any relation to the topological processes. This paper starts with a two-spinor Dirac equation in radial symmetry including vector Coulomb and scalar Lorentz potentials, and arrives after bosonization at the sine-Gordon equation. The keys of non-perturbative bosonization are in this case topological phase gradients (topological currents) that can be balanced in iterative processes providing for coupling constants driven by phase averaging and ``noise reduction'' in closed-loops and autoparametric resonance. A fundamental iterative spin-parity-asymmetry and dimensional shift quite near to the electron to proton mass ratio is found that can only be balanced by bosonization including Coulomb interaction.
2002-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/944/1/thirring11.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/944/2/thirring11.ps
Binder, Bernd (2002) Bosonization and Iterative Relations Beyond Field Theories. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:957
2010-10-07T15:11:21Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/957/
With Iterative and Bosonized Coupling towards Fundamental Particle Properties
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
Previous results have shown that the linear topological potential-to-phase relationship (well known from Josephson junctions) is the key to iterative coupling and non-perturbative bosonization of the 2 two-spinor Dirac equation. In this paper those results are combined to approach the nature of proton, neutron, and electron via extrapolations from the Planck scale to the System of Units (SI). The electron acts as a bosonizing bridge between opposite parity topological currents. The resulting potentials and masses are based on a fundamental soliton mass limit and two iteratively obtained coupling constants, where one is the fine structure constant. The simple non-perturbative and relativistic results are within measurement uncertainty and show a very high significance. The deviation for the proton and electron masses are approximately 1 ppb (10^-9), for the neutron 4 ppb.
2002-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/957/1/hydrogen13.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/957/2/hydrogen13.ps
tex-latex
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/957/3/hydrogen13.tex
Binder, Bernd (2002) With Iterative and Bosonized Coupling towards Fundamental Particle Properties. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:962
2010-10-07T15:11:22Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:6C6177732D6F662D6E6174757265
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/962/
A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Laws of Nature
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
0.138% above the neutron and 0.276% above the proton baryon mass a natural mass unit µ can be identified by extrapolating dimensionless Planck units h=c=1 to the System of Units (SI). Similar to quantum measurements that determine h it is only necessary to relate the unit kinetic particle energy to the quantum energy of a photon having a unit wavelength. Connecting both energies and shifting the units, the inverse ratio of length units evolves proportional to the square of velocity units since both are proportional to the energy unit. With this connection the measurement of h becomes an indirect light velocity measurement and measurement of µ and shows that nonzero action and mass quanta corresponds to a finite light velocity c. As already shown, these sequential baryon mass differences (typical mass deficits of strong interaction) including the electron mass can be recovered within measurement error (some ppm) by simple relations obtained from bosonizing a massive Dirac equation.
2003-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/962/1/Compton04.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/962/2/Compton04.ps
Binder, Bernd (2003) A Natural Mass Unit Hidden in the Planck Action Quantum. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:969
2010-10-07T15:11:23Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:6C6177732D6F662D6E6174757265
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D67656E:7468656F72792D6F62736572766174696F6E
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/969/
Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear System of Units
Binder, Bernd
Fields and Particles
Laws of Nature
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
Theory/Observation
Diving into the nonlinear massive range of nuclear physics, the quark model already indicates that the linearized massless length scales break down. Although we are often confronted with nonlinear and relativistic dynamics, we obtain our fundamental values with the classical linear system of units SI by linear extrapolation. Ignoring the correspondent nonlinear relations while extrapolating to the Planck scale h=c=µ=1 based on linear massless relations leads to pseudo-scales equivalent to geometrized mass units. This paper shows that one of the fundamental dimensions length, time, mass becomes redundant approaching the Planck scale. The hidden information can be assigned to a geometrized natural quantum mass unit µ part of the Planck constant h. In other words: c, h, and µ are interrelated.
2003-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/969/1/planck03.pdf
application/postscript
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/969/2/planck03.ps
Binder, Bernd (2003) Natural Nonlinear Quantum Units and Human Artificial Linear System of Units. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:995
2010-10-07T15:11:25Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/995/
Simple applications of Noether's first theorem in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism
Brown, Harvey R
Holland, Peter
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Internal global symmetries exist for the free non-relativistic Schrodinger particle, whose associated Noether charges---the space integrals of the wavefunction and the wavefunction multiplied by the spatial coordinate---are exhibited. Analogous symmetries in classical electromagnetism are also demonstrated.
2003-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/995/1/noether.pdf
Brown, Harvey R and Holland, Peter (2003) Simple applications of Noether's first theorem in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:999
2010-10-07T15:11:25Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/999/
The non-relativistic limits of the Maxwell and Dirac equations: the role of Galilean and gauge invariance
Holland, Peter
Brown, Harvey R.
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Relativity Theory
The aim of this paper is to illustrate four properties of the non-relativistic limits of relativistic theories: (a) that a massless relativistic field may have a meaningful non-relativistic limit, (b) that a relativistic field may have more than one non-relativistic limit, (c) that coupled relativistic systems may be ?more relativistic? than their uncoupled counterparts, and (d) that the properties of the non-relativistic limit of a dynamical equation may differ from those obtained when the limiting equation is based directly on exact Galilean kinematics. These properties are demonstrated through an examination of the non-relativistic limit of the familiar equations of first-quantized QED, i.e., the Dirac and Maxwell equations. The conditions under which each set of equations admit non-relativistic limits are given, particular attention being given to a gauge-invariant formulation of the limiting process especially as it applies to the electromagnetic potentials. The difference between the properties of a limiting theory and an exactly Galilean covariant theory based on the same dynamical equation is demonstrated by examination of the Pauli equation.
2002
Other
PeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/999/1/Holland%26Brown.doc
Holland, Peter and Brown, Harvey R. (2002) The non-relativistic limits of the Maxwell and Dirac equations: the role of Galilean and gauge invariance. UNSPECIFIED. (In Press)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1196
2010-10-07T15:20:49Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1240
2010-10-07T15:11:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1240/
Realism in the age of String Theory
Dawid, Richard
Fields and Particles
Realism/Anti-realism
String theory currently is the only viable candidate for a unified description of all known natural forces. This article tries to demonstrate that the fundamental structural and methodological differences that set string theory apart from other physical theories have important philosophical consequences. Focussing on implications for the realism debate in philosophy of science, it is argued that both poles of that debate become untenable in the context of string theory. On one side the claim of underdetermination of scientific theories, which represents a pivotal element of empiricism, looses its appeal. On the other side the dissolution of any meaningful notion of an external ontological object destroys the basis for conventional versions of scientific realism. String theory seems to suggest an intermediate position akin to Structural Realism that is based on a newly emerging principle, to be called the principle of theoretical uniqueness. An appreciation of string theory’s considerable impact on basic conceptions of philosophy of science can also contribute to a clearer picture of string theory’s status and relevance in a scientific context.
2003-06
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1240/1/re%2Bstr.PDF
Dawid, Richard (2003) Realism in the age of String Theory. UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1248
2010-10-07T15:20:51Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1249
2010-10-07T15:20:51Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1251
2010-10-07T15:20:52Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1373
2010-10-07T15:12:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1373/
The Zero Point Source Of Accelerated Expansion
Hoiland, Dr. Paul Karl
Cosmology
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
I will show by the following thought experiment applied to the possible generation of a warp field by harnessing quantum effects that there exists evidence in this exercise that the Universe should display an Exponential growth rate over time we’d observe as an accelerated expansion.
2003-09
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1373/1/THE_ZERO_POINT_SOURCE_OF_ACCELERATED_EXPANSION.pdf
Hoiland, Dr. Paul Karl (2003) The Zero Point Source Of Accelerated Expansion. [Preprint] (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1406
2010-10-07T15:12:05Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1406/
"On the Time Reversal Invariance of Classical Electromagnetic Theory"
Malament, David
Classical Physics
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
David Albert claims that classical electromagnetic theory is not time reversal invariant. He acknowledges that all physics books say that it is, but claims they are ``simply wrong" because they rely on an incorrect account of how the time reversal operator acts on magnetic fields. On that account, electric fields are left intact by the operator, but magnetic fields are inverted. Albert sees no reason for the asymmetric treatment, and insists that neither field should be inverted. I argue, to the contrary, that the inversion of magnetic fields makes good sense and is, in fact, forced by elementary geometric considerations. I also suggest a way of thinking about the time reversal invariance of classical electromagnetic theory -- one that makes use of the invariant (four-dimensional) formulation of the theory -- that makes no reference to magnetic fields at all. It is my hope that it will be of interest in its own right, Albert aside. It has the advantage that it allows for arbitrary curvature in the background spacetime structure, and is therefore suitable for the framework of general relativity. (The only assumption one needs is temporal orientability.)
2003-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1406/1/Albert-TRI.pdf
Malament, David (2003) "On the Time Reversal Invariance of Classical Electromagnetic Theory". [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1436
2010-10-07T15:12:06Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1436/
Are gauge symmetry transformations observable?
Brading, Katherine
Brown, Harvey R.
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
In a recent paper in the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Kosso discussed the observational status of continuous symmetries of physics. While we are in broad agreement with his approach, we disagree with his analysis. In the discussion of the status of gauge symmetry, a set of examples offered by ’t Hooft has influenced several philosophers, including Kosso; in all cases the interpretation of the examples is mistaken. In this paper we present our preferred approach to the empirical significance of symmetries, re-analysing the cases of gauge symmetry and general covariance.
2003-10
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1436/1/Brading%26Brown.pdf
Brading, Katherine and Brown, Harvey R. (2003) Are gauge symmetry transformations observable? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1506
2010-10-07T15:12:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1506/
Definability and a Nonlinear Sigma Model
BenDaniel, David Jacob
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
The concept of definability of physical fields is introduced and a set-theoretical foundation is proposed. In this foundation, we obtain a scale invariant nonlinear sigma model and then show that quantization of the model is necessary and sufficient for definability. We also obtain compactification of the spatial dimensions effectively and show its equivalence to quantization.
2003-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1506/1/19_Nov.2.pdf
BenDaniel, David Jacob (2003) Definability and a Nonlinear Sigma Model. [Preprint] (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1513
2010-10-07T15:12:09Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1513/
Symmetry and Gauge Freedom
Belot, Gordon
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
The classical field theories that underlie the quantum treatments of the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces share a peculiar feature: specifying the initial state of the field determines the evolution of some degrees of freedom of the theory while leaving the evolution of some others wholly arbitrary. This strongly suggests that some of the variables of the standard state space lack physical content---intuitively, the space of states of such a theory is of higher dimension than the corresponding space of genuine physical possibilities. The structure of such theories can helpfully be characterized in terms of the action of symmetry groups on their space of states; and the conceptual problems surrounding their strange behavior can be sharpened in light of the observation that it is usually possible to eliminate the redundant variables associated with these symmetries---which turn out to be precisely those variables whose evolution is unconstrained by the dynamical laws of the theory. This paper discusses this approach, uses it to frame questions about the interpretation of classical gauge theories, and to reflect (pessimistically) on our prospects of reaching satisfactory answers to these questions.
2003-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1513/1/gauge.pdf
Belot, Gordon (2003) Symmetry and Gauge Freedom. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1626
2010-10-07T15:12:20Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1626/
What is an elementary particle in the first-quantized Standard Model?
McCabe, Gordon
Classical Physics
Mathematics
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the concept of an elementary particle in the first-quantized Standard Model. The emphasis is upon the mathematical structures involved, rather than numerical computations. After the general concepts and philosophical outlook are introduced in the opening section, Section 2 addresses the question of what a free elementary particle is, paying particular attention to the relationships between the configuration representation and momentum representation. Section 3 deals with gauge fields, Section 4 deals with interactions between particles and gauge fields, Section 5 deals with composite systems, and Section 6 deals with the representation of Baryons, Mesons, and Hadrons. Section 7 addresses the interpretational question of whether an elementary particle has only one intrinsic state, and Section 8 attempts to elucidate what an interacting elementary particle is in the Standard Model.
2004-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1626/1/elementary.pdf
McCabe, Gordon (2004) What is an elementary particle in the first-quantized Standard Model? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1641
2010-10-07T15:12:21Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:6C6177732D6F662D6E6174757265
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D67656E:7468656F72792D6F62736572766174696F6E
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1641/
Time Flow Physics: Introduction to a unified theory based on time flow.
Holster, Andrew
Classical Physics
Laws of Nature
Cosmology
Theory/Observation
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Mechanics
This paper summarises a novel approach to constructing a unified theory of fundamental physics, which I have called 'Time Flow Physics' (TFP). It is shown how this provides a natural model which reproduces essential features and principles of Special Relativity, General Relativity, and quantum mechanics in ordinary limits, while diverging in some extreme limits. The key application to cosmology is also given, and the model predicts a theory of evolving fundamental constants, dependant on the expansion of the universe. TFP ultimately contradicts Lorentz symmetry (or covariance), but the divergence from standard physics such as GTR is only empirically evident in extreme limits. TFP is proposed as a realistic empirical theory, but the emphasis here is on its conceptual features. It raises questions about the fundamental nature of covariance, the space-time ontology, simultaneity relations, the reality of metaphysical time flow, and the possibility of a theory of evolving constants. The problem of combining TFP with quantum measurement theory is one of the key difficulties, and this and other issues are briefly discussed at the end of the paper.
2004-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1641/1/TimeFlowPhysicsIntroduction.zip
Holster, Andrew (2004) Time Flow Physics: Introduction to a unified theory based on time flow. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1744
2010-10-07T15:20:57Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1748
2010-10-07T15:12:30Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1748/
Special Relativity, Time, Probabilism, and Ultimate Reality
Maxwell, Nicholas
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
McTaggart distinguished two conceptions of time: the A-series, according to which events are either past, present or future; and the B-series, according to which events are merely earlier or later than other events. Elsewhere, I have argued that these two views, ostensibly about the nature of time, need to be reinterpreted as two views about the nature of the universe. According to the so-called A-theory, the universe is three dimensional, with a past and future; according to the B-theory, the universe is four dimensional. Given special relativity (SR), we are obliged, it seems, to accept (a modified version of) the B-series, four dimensional view, and reject the A-series, three dimensional view, because SR denies that there is a privileged, instantaneous cosmic "now" which seems to be required by the A-theory. Whether this is correct or not, it is important to remember that the fundamental problem, here, is not "What does SR imply?", but rather "What is the best guess about the ultimate nature of the universe in the light of current theoretical knowledge in physics?". In order to know how to answer this question, we need to have some inkling as to how the correct theory of quantum gravity incorporates quantum theory, probability and time. This is, at present, an entirely open question. String theory, or M-theory, seems to evade the issue, and other approaches to quantum gravity seem equally evasive. However, if probabilism is a fundamental feature of ultimate physical reality, then it may well be that the A-theory, or rather a closely related doctrine I call “objectism”, is built into the ultimate constitution of things.
2004-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1748/1/Special_Relativity%2C_Time%2C_Probabilism.doc
Maxwell, Nicholas (2004) Special Relativity, Time, Probabilism, and Ultimate Reality. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1800
2010-10-07T15:12:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1800/
On the Ontology of Spacetime in a Frame of Reference
Poltorak, Alexander
Classical Physics
Cosmology
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Physics
The spacetime ontology is considered in General Relativity (GR) in view of the choice of a frame of reference (FR). Various approaches to a description of the FR, such as coordinate systems, monads and tetrads are reviewed. It is shown that any of the existing FR definitions require a preexisting background spacetime, which, if defined independently of the FR, renders the spacetime absolute in violation of the principle of relativity, or, if defined within an inertial FR (IFR), as it is usually done, make the argument circular. Consequently, defining a FR in a preexisting spacetime is unacceptable. We show that a FR defines a differentiable manifold with, generally, non-Euclidean geometry. In a noninertial FR (NIFR) the observer must chose a coordinative definition either admitting existence of a universal – inertial – force or settling for non-Euclidian spacetime. Following Reichenbach, it is preferable to eliminate all universal forces and opt for a non-Euclidean geometry. It is shown that an affine connection with metric is best suited to describe the geometry of spacetime within a FR. Considering a gravitational field in an arbitrary FR, we show within the framework of Einstein’s GR that the gravity is described by nonmetricity of spacetime. This result may shed new light on the nature of the cosmological constant and dark energy.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1800/1/On_the_Ontology_of_Spacetime_in_a_Frame_of_Reference.pdf
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1800/2/On_the_Ontology_of_Spacetime_in_a_Frame_of_Reference.doc
Poltorak, Alexander (2004) On the Ontology of Spacetime in a Frame of Reference. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1831
2010-10-07T15:12:37Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:726564756374696F6E69736D2D686F6C69736D
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1831/
Holism and Structuralism in U(1) Gauge Theory
Lyre, Holger
Reductionism/Holism
Fields and Particles
Physics
Realism/Anti-realism
After decades of neglect philosophers of physics have discovered gauge theories--arguably the paradigm of modern field physics--as a genuine topic for foundational and philosophical research. Incidentally, in the last couple of years interest from the philosophy of physics in structural realism--in the eyes of its proponents the best suited realist position towards modern physics--has also raised. This paper tries to connect both topics and aims to show that structural realism gains further credence from an ontological analysis of gauge theories--in particular U(1) gauge theory. In the first part of the paper the framework of fiber bundle gauge theories is briefly presented and the interpretation of local gauge symmetry will be examined. In the second part, an ontological underdetermination of gauge theories is carved out by considering the various kinds of non-locality involved in such typical effects as the Aharonov-Bohm effect. The analysis shows that the peculiar form of non-separability figuring in gauge theories is a variant of spatiotemporal holism and can be distinguished from quantum theoretic holism. In the last part of the paper the arguments for a gauge theoretic support of structural realism are laid out and discussed.
2004-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1831/1/holstruc.pdf
Lyre, Holger (2004) Holism and Structuralism in U(1) Gauge Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1846
2010-10-07T15:12:38Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:726564756374696F6E69736D2D686F6C69736D
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1846/
Symmetry & Possibility: To Reduce or not Reduce?
Rickles, Dean
Classical Physics
Reductionism/Holism
Fields and Particles
In this paper I examine the connection between symmetry and modality from the perspective of `reduction' methods in geometric mechanics. I begin by setting the problem up as a choice between two opposing views: reduction and non-reduction. I then discern four views on the matter in the literature; they are distinguished by their advocation of distinct geometric spaces as representing `reality'. I come down in favour of non-reductive methods.
2004-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1846/1/reduction.pdf
Rickles, Dean (2004) Symmetry & Possibility: To Reduce or not Reduce? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1859
2010-10-07T15:12:39Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1859/
A New Spin on the Hole Argument
Rickles, Dean
Cosmology
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
This brief paper shows how an exact analogue of Einstein's original hole argument can be constructed in the loop representation of quantum gravity. The new argument is based on the embedding of spin-networks in a manifold and the action of the diffeomorphism constraint on them. The implications of this result are then discussed. I argue that the conclusions of many physicists working on loop quantum gravity---Rovelli and Smolin in particular---that the loop representation uniquely supports relationalism are unfounded.
2004-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1859/1/spinnet.pdf
Rickles, Dean (2004) A New Spin on the Hole Argument. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1875
2010-10-07T15:12:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1875/
Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles
Huggett, Nick
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
The principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII) states that if two systems are qualitatively identical then they are logically identical. French and Redhead (1988) and Butterfield (1993) have shown the sense in which bosons and fermions violate the PII, but did not investigate the issue for particles of other kinds of statistics: i.e., for the (p,q) particles -- or `quarticles' -- of Hartle, Stolt and Taylor (1970). This paper shows that for any type of indistinguishable quarticle the PII is violated but that for distinguishable quarticles there are states in which it is violated by any pair of particles, states in which it is violated only by some pairs of particles and states in which it is violated by no pairs of particles. The updated version corrects a minor statement of mathematical fact, and provides a short proof for a conjecture made in the original, showing that the identity of indiscernibles is equivalent to (anti)symmetrization.
Cambridge University Press
2003
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1875/1/quarticlesPII.pdf
Huggett, Nick (2003) Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles. In: UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:1999
2010-10-07T15:12:56Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1999/
Does an elementary particle have a unique intrinsic state?
McCabe, Gordon
Mathematics
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
J.M.G. Fell and other authors have asserted that an elementary particle has only one `intrinsic' state. I will argue that this claim is not consistent with the mathematical structures and objects used to represent an elementary particle in relativistic quantum theory.
2004-10
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/1999/1/intrinsic.pdf
McCabe, Gordon (2004) Does an elementary particle have a unique intrinsic state? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2094
2010-10-07T15:13:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2094/
Definability in Physics
BenDaniel, David J.
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
The concept of definability of physical fields in a set-theoretical foundation is introduced. A set theory is selected in which we get mathematics enough to produce a nonlinear sigma model. Quantization of the model requires only a null postulate and is then shown to be necessary and sufficient for definability in the theory. We obtain scale invariance and compactification of the spatial dimensions effectively. Three interesting examples of the relevance to physics are suggested.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2094/1/Definability_Paper.pdf
BenDaniel, David J. (2004) Definability in Physics. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2132
2010-10-07T15:21:02Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2133
2010-10-07T15:13:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2133/
Geometrical aspects of local gauge symmetry
Guay, Alexandre
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
This paper is an analysis of the geometrical interpretation of local gauge symmetry for theories of the Yang-Mills type.
2004
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2133/1/geometrie.pdf
Guay, Alexandre (2004) Geometrical aspects of local gauge symmetry. In: UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2216
2010-10-07T15:13:16Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:737461746973746963616C2D6D656368616E6963732D746865726D6F64796E616D696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2216/
Recent Work on the Arrow of Radiation
Price, Huw
Fields and Particles
Statistical Mechanics/Thermodynamics
In many physical systems, coupling forces provide a way of carrying the energy stored in adjacent harmonic oscillators from place to place, in the form of waves. The wave equations governing such phenomena are time-symmetric: they permit the opposite processes, in which energy arrives at a point in the form of incoming concentric waves, to be lost to some external system. But these processes seem rare in nature. What explains this temporal asymmetry, and how is it related to the thermodynamic asymmetry? This paper attempts to clarify these old issues, in the light of recent contributions. After brief introductory remarks (§1), the paper is in three main parts. §2 examines the so-called ‘Sommerfeld Radiation Condition’, arguing that its link to the observed asymmetry is much less direct than commonly supposed. §3 begins with Zeh's proposal to make the Sommerfeld condition an ingredient in an explanation of the observed asymmetry, and makes explicit a useful distinction between two ways in which the thermodynamic asymmetry might connect to the radiation asymmetry. §4 reviews a proposal I have defended in earlier work about the relation of the radiative asymmetry to that of thermodynamics, and defends it against recent objections by Zeh and Frisch. I also distinguish it from a recent proposal due to North. I agree with North that the observed asymmetry of radiation stems from the low entropy history, but argue that she mis-characterises the asymmetry, and hence misses a crucial element in a proper account of the role of the low entropy past.
2005-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2216/1/sommerfeld.pdf
Price, Huw (2005) Recent Work on the Arrow of Radiation. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2218
2010-10-07T15:13:16Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2218/
The Standard Model of particle physics in other universes
McCabe, Gordon
Classical Physics
Cosmology
Mathematics
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the mathematical objects and structures associated with the particle physics in other universes, can be inferred from the mathematical objects and structures associated with the particle physics in our own universe. As such, this paper is a continuation of the research programme announced in McCabe (2004), which implemented this idea in the case of cosmology. The paper begins with an introduction that outlines the structuralist doctrine which this research programme depends upon. Section 2 explains how free elementary particles in our universe correspond to irreducible representations of the double cover of the local space-time symmetry group, and relates the configuration representation to the momentum representation. The difficulties of treating elementary particles in curved space-time, and the Fock space second-quantization are also explained. Section 2.1 explores the particle physics of universes in which the local symmetry group is the entire Poincare group or the isochronous Poincare group. Section 2.2 considers free particles in universes with a different dimension or geometrical signature to our own. Section 3 introduces gauge fields, and, via Derdzinski's interaction bundle approach, explains how connections satisfying the Yang-Mills equations correspond to the irreducible representations for `gauge bosons'. To explore the possible gauge fields, section 3.1 explains the classification of principal G-bundles over 4-manifolds, and section 3.2 expounds the structure theorem of compact Lie groups. Section 3.3 summarises the consequences for classifying gauge fields in other universes, and section 3.4 infers the structures used to represent interacting particles in other universes. The paper concludes in Section 3.5 by explaining the standard model gauge groups and irreducible representations which define interacting particle multiplets, and specifies the possibilities for such multiplets in other universes.
2005-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2218/1/SM_in_Other_UniversesNew.pdf
McCabe, Gordon (2005) The Standard Model of particle physics in other universes. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2243
2010-10-07T15:13:18Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
7375626A656374733D67656E:6F7065726174696F6E616C69736D2D696E7374756D656E74616C69736D
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2243/
High Energy Physics and Constructive Empiricism
Dawid, Richard
Fields and Particles
Realism/Anti-realism
Operationalism/Instrumentalism
Progress in elementary particle physics in recent decades has changed the status of the visible phenomena in the context of scientific research. Empiricist positions in philosophy of science, which put particular emphasis on the pre-eminence of the visible regime, are affected by this development. In spite of its less radical claims, constructive empiricism turns out to run into more serious problems than straightforward instrumentalism. The constructive empiricist’s emphasis on the scientist’s aims makes it essential for her to provide a satisfactory motivation for scientific inquiry. This, however, seems difficult to achieve on an empiricist basis in the case of elementary particle physics.
2005-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2243/1/constructive_empiricism_%26_hep.doc
Dawid, Richard (2005) High Energy Physics and Constructive Empiricism. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2394
2010-10-07T15:13:30Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2394/
Definability in Physics
BenDaniel, David Jacob
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
The concept of definability of physical fields in a set-theoretical foundation is introduced and an axiomatic set theory is proposed which provides precisely the tools necessary for a nonlinear sigma model. In this theory quantization of the model derives from a null postulate and becomes equivalent to definability. We also obtain scale invariance and compactification of the spatial dimensions effectively. The applicability of this foundation to quantum gravity is suggested.
2005-08
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2394/1/Aug15_working.pdf
BenDaniel, David Jacob (2005) Definability in Physics. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2433
2010-10-07T15:13:35Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:6D6F64656C732D616E642D696465616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2433/
Models and Stories in Hadron Physics
Hartmann, Stephan
Models and Idealization
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Fundamental theories are hard to come by. But even if we had them, they would be too complicated to apply. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a case in point. This theory is supposed to govern all strong interactions, but it is extremely hard to apply and test at energies where protons, neutrons and ions are the effective degrees of freedom. Instead, scientists typically use highly idealized models such as the MIT Bag Model or the Nambu Jona-Lasinio Model to account for phenomena in this domain, to explain them and to gain nderstanding. Based on these models, which typically isolate a single feature of QCD (confinement and chiral symmetry breaking respectively) and disregard many others, scientists attempt to get a better understanding of the physics of strong interactions. But does this practice make sense? Is it justified to use these models for the purposes at hand? Interestingly, these models do not even provide an accurate description of the mass spectrum of protons, neutrons and pions and their lowest lying excitations well - despite several adjustable parameters. And yet, the models are heavily used. I'll argue that a qualitative story, which establishes an explanatory link between the fundamental theory and a model, plays an important role in model acceptance in these cases.
2005-09
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2433/1/Stories.pdf
Hartmann, Stephan (2005) Models and Stories in Hadron Physics. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2465
2010-10-07T15:13:39Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70726F626162696C6974792D73746174697374696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2465/
General Relativity and the Probability Interpretation of Everett’s Relative State Formulation
Strayhorn, David
Probability/Statistics
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
One of the primary conceptual difficulties facing the multiple worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics is the interpretation of the Born rule measure as a probability. Given that each world in the MWI is typically envisioned as being equally “real,” a more natural rule would be to assign each of the N branches associated with a measurement the equivalent probability 1/N, rather than the probability |a|^2 prescribed by the Born rule. This approach, the “alternate projection postulate” (APP), has been paid scant attention, however, since it leads to predictions that contradict those of standard quantum mechanics. In this paper, a further modification of the MWI is presented that not only incorporates the aesthetic advantages of the APP, but also is compatible with the predictions of quantum mechanics. This further modification involves an alternative method of enumerating branches that satisfies what is termed here the “Born identity,” according to which there is not a single branch associated with a given experimental outcome, but rather more than one branch, with each branch being physically distinct and the number of branches being proportional to |a|2. In place of the assumption of the Born identity, however, a feasibility argument for the derivation of the Born identity from more fundamental field-theoretic principles (such as those provided by general relativity) is sought. In this manner, it is proposed that quantum statistics may be derived from a purely classical (general relativistic) foundation without injecting the Born rule – either directly or in disguised form – as an independent postulate.
2005-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2465/1/GRandMWI.pdf
Strayhorn, David (2005) General Relativity and the Probability Interpretation of Everett’s Relative State Formulation. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2467
2010-10-07T15:13:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2467/
Generating Ontology: From Quantum Mechanics to Quantum Field Theory
MacKinnon, Edward
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
Philosophical interpretations of theories generally presuppose that a theory can be presented as a consistent mathematical formulation that is interpreted through models. Algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT) can fit this interpretative model. However, standard Lagrangian quantum field theory (LQFT), as well as quantum electrodynamics and nuclear physics, resists recasting along such formal lines. The difference has a distinct bearing on ontological issues. AQFT does not treat particle interactions or the standard model. This paper develops a framework and methodology for interpreting such informal theories as LQFT and the standard model. We begin by summarizing two minimal epistemological interpretation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics (NRQM): Bohrian semantics, which focuses on communicables; and quantum information theory, which focuses on the algebra of local observables. Schwinger's development of quantum field theory supplies a unique path from NRQM to QFT, where each step is conceptually anchored in local measurements. LQFT and the standard model rely on postulates that go beyond the limits set by AQFT and Schwinger's anabatic methodology. The particle ontology of the standard model is clarified by regarding the standard model as an informal modular theory with a limited range of validity.
2005-10
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2467/1/Ontology.pdf
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2467/2/En2.pdf
MacKinnon, Edward (2005) Generating Ontology: From Quantum Mechanics to Quantum Field Theory. UNSPECIFIED. (Unpublished)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2633
2010-10-07T15:13:54Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2633/
Algebraic Quantum Field Theory
Halvorson, Hans
Mueger, Michael
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
Algebraic quantum field theory provides a general, mathematically precise description of the structure of quantum field theories, and then draws out consequences of this structure by means of various mathematical tools -- the theory of operator algebras, category theory, etc.. Given the rigor and generality of AQFT, it is a particularly apt tool for studying the foundations of QFT. This paper is a survey of AQFT, with an orientation towards foundational topics. In addition to covering the basics of the theory, we discuss issues related to nonlocality, the particle concept, the field concept, and inequivalent representations. We also provide a detailed account of the analysis of superselection rules by Doplicher, Haag, and Roberts (DHR); and we give an alternative proof of Doplicher and Robert's reconstruction of fields and gauge group from the category of physical representations of the observable algebra. The latter is based on unpublished ideas due to J. E. Roberts and the abstract duality theorem for symmetric tensor *-categories, a self-contained proof of which is given in the appendix.
2006-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2633/1/reconstruction.pdf
Halvorson, Hans and Mueger, Michael (2006) Algebraic Quantum Field Theory. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2781
2010-10-07T15:21:13Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2808
2010-10-07T15:14:11Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2808/
Definability in Physics
BenDaniel, David Jacob
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
The concept of definability of physical fields in a set-theoretical foundation is introduced. We propose an axiomatic set theory and show that the Schrödinger equation and, more generally, a nonlinear sigma model can be derived from a null postulate and that quantization of fields is equivalent to definability. We find that space-time is relational in this theory. Some examples of the relevance to physics are suggested.
Springer-Verlag
2006
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2808/1/NYC_PDF.pdf
tex-latex
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2808/2/NYC_Text2.tex
BenDaniel, David Jacob (2006) Definability in Physics. In: UNSPECIFIED. (In Press)
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2843
2010-10-07T15:14:14Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2843/
Is Classical Electrodynamics an Inconsistent Theory?
Belot, Gordon
Fields and Particles
A critical discussion of Mathias Frisch's recent book. I discuss Frisch's argument for the inconsistency of classical electrodynamcis and the methodological morals that he draws from it.
2006-07
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2843/1/Frisch.pdf
Belot, Gordon (2006) Is Classical Electrodynamics an Inconsistent Theory? [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:2946
2010-10-07T15:14:26Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:7374727563747572652D6F662D7468656F72696573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2946/
The Standard Model as a Philosophical Challenge
MacKinnon, Edward
Structure of Theories
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
There are two opposing traditions in contemporary quantum field theory. Mainstream Lagrangian QFT led to and supports the standard model of particle interactions. Algebraic QFT seeks to provide a rigorous consistent mathematical foundation for field theory, but cannot accommodate the local gauge interactions of the standard model. Interested philosophers face a choice. The can accept algebraic QFT on the grounds of mathematical consistency and general accord with the semantic conception of theory interpretation. This suggests a rejection of particle ontology. Or they can accept the standard model on the grounds of its established success. This alternative, which I defend, suggests revising philosophical accounts of scientific theories.
2006
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/2946/1/TheStandardModel.pdf
MacKinnon, Edward (2006) The Standard Model as a Philosophical Challenge. In: UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3068
2010-10-07T15:14:41Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:6C6177732D6F662D6E6174757265
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3068/
Particles vs. Structures: Weak Ontic Structuralism
Kantorovich, Aharon
Laws of Nature
Fields and Particles
Realism/Anti-realism
In modern physics the notion of structure can be treated as an extension of the notion of law of nature. French and Ladyman’s view concerning the ontological priority of structures over objects is confronted with Psillos’ criticism. This kind of view agrees with the paradigmatic case where the structure is an internal symmetry and the instantiations are elementary particles. An ontological model is proposed which demonstrates the relation between structures and their instantiations in this case. This view which may be categorized as “weak ontic structuralism” is compared with Busch’s treatment of ontic structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics.
2006-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
doc
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3068/1/SHPMP06.DOC
Kantorovich, Aharon (2006) Particles vs. Structures: Weak Ontic Structuralism. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3140
2010-10-07T15:14:48Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:737461746973746963616C2D6D656368616E6963732D746865726D6F64796E616D696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3140/
Maxwell's demon through the looking glass
Silagadze, Zurab
Symmetries/Invariances
Fields and Particles
Statistical Mechanics/Thermodynamics
Mechanical Maxwell's demons, such as Smoluchowski's trapdoor and Feynman's ratchet and pawl need external energy source to operate. If you cease to feed a demon the Second Law of thermodynamics will quickly stop its operation. Nevertheless, if the parity is an unbroken symmetry of nature, it may happenthat a small modification leads to demons which do not need feeding. Such demons can act like perpetuum mobiles of the second kind: extract heat energy from only one reservoir, use it to do work and be isolated from the rest of ordinary world. Yet the Second Law is not violated because the demons pay their entropy cost in the hidden (mirror) sector of the world by emitting mirror photons.
2007-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3140/1/demon.pdf
Silagadze, Zurab (2007) Maxwell's demon through the looking glass. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3196
2010-10-07T15:14:55Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:7374727563747572652D6F662D7468656F72696573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3196/
How to create a universe
McCabe, Gordon
Structure of Theories
Cosmology
Mathematics
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Physics
The purpose of this paper is (i) to expound the specification of a universe, according to those parts of mathematical physics which have been experimentally and observationally verified in our own universe; and (ii) to expound the possible means of creating a universe in the laboratory.
2007-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3196/1/Spec.pdf
McCabe, Gordon (2007) How to create a universe. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3208
2010-10-07T15:14:56Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70726F626162696C6974792D73746174697374696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3208/
Identical Quantum Particles and Weak Discernibility
Dieks, Dennis
Versteegh, Marijn
Probability/Statistics
Symmetries/Invariances
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
We examine a recent argument that ``identical'' quantum particles with an anti-symmetric state (fermions) are weakly discernible objects, just like irreflexively related ordinary objects in situations with perfect symmetry (Black's spheres, for example). We conclude that the argument uses a silent premise that is not justified in the quantum case.
2007-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3208/1/quantumobjectsfinal.pdf
Dieks, Dennis and Versteegh, Marijn (2007) Identical Quantum Particles and Weak Discernibility. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3251
2010-10-07T15:21:21Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3261
2010-10-07T15:15:02Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636F736D6F6C6F6779
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3261/
Joining inner space to outer space
McCabe, Gordon
Cosmology
Mathematics
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, in principle, to obtain knowledge of the entire universe at the present time, even if the radius of the universe is much larger than the radius of the observable universe.
2007-03
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3261/1/innerouter.pdf
McCabe, Gordon (2007) Joining inner space to outer space. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3263
2010-10-07T15:21:22Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3280
2010-10-07T15:15:03Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3280/
Time reversal in classical electromagnetism
Arntzenius, Frank
Greaves, Hilary
Classical Physics
Symmetries/Invariances
Fields and Particles
Richard Feynman has claimed that anti-particles are nothing but particles `propagating backwards in time'; that time reversing a particle state always turns it into the corresponding anti-particle state. According to standard quantum field theory textbooks this is not so: time reversal does not turn particles into anti-particles. Feynman's view is interesting because, in particular, it suggests a nonstandard, and possibly illuminating, interpretation of the CPT theorem. In this paper, we explore a classical analog of Feynman's view, in the context of the recent debate between David Albert and David Malament over time reversal in classical electromagnetism.
2007-02
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3280/1/arntzenius_greaves_TRCE.pdf
Arntzenius, Frank and Greaves, Hilary (2007) Time reversal in classical electromagnetism. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3284
2010-10-07T15:15:04Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:6D617468656D6174696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3284/
Absolute Objects, Counterexamples and General Covariance
Pitts, J. Brian
Mathematics
Symmetries/Invariances
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
The Anderson-Friedman absolute objects program has been a favorite analysis of the substantive general covariance that supposedly characterizes Einstein's General Theory of Relativity (GTR). Absolute objects are the same locally in all models (modulo gauge freedom). Substantive general covariance is the lack of absolute objects. Several counterexamples have been proposed, however, including the Jones-Geroch dust and Torretti constant curvature spaces counterexamples. The Jones-Geroch dust case, ostensibly a false positive, is resolved by noting that holes in the dust in some models ensure that no physically relevant nonvanishing timelike vector field exists there, so no absolute object exists. The Torretti constant curvature spaces case, allegedly a false negative, is resolved by testing an irreducible piece of the metric, the conformal metric density of weight -2/3, for absoluteness; this geometric object is absolute. A new counterexample is proposed involving the orthonormal tetrad said to be necessary to couple spinors to a curved metric. The threat of finding an absolute object in GTR + spinors is overcome by the use of an alternative spinor formalism that takes a symmetric square root of the metric (with the help of the matrix diag(-1,1,1,1)), eliminating 6 of the 16 tetrad components as irrelevant. The importance of eliminating irrelevant structures, as Anderson emphasized, is clear. The importance of the choice of physical fields is also evident. A new counterexample due to Robert Geroch and Domenico Giulini, however, finds an absolute object in vacuum GTR itself, namely the scalar density $g$ given by the metric components' determinant. Thus either the definition of absoluteness or its use to analyze GTR's substantive general covariance is flawed. Anderson's belief that all absolute objects are nonvariational (that is, not varied in a suitable action principle) and vice versa is also falsified by the Geroch-Giulini counterexample. However, it remains plausible that all nonvariational fields are absolute, so adding nonvariationality as a necessary condition for absoluteness, as Hiskes once suggested, would likely leave no useful work to the Anderson-Friedman condition of sameness in all models. Simply having only variational fields in an action principle (suitably free of irrelevant fields) might be a satisfactory analysis of substantive general covariance, if one exists. This proposal also resembles the suggestion that GTR is "already parameterized," if one decides to parameterize theories by defining the nonvariational fields in terms of preferred coordinates called clock fields. More questions need to be addressed. Which fields should be tested for absoluteness: only primitive fields (which ones?), or all or some (which?) of their concomitants also? Geroch observes that some kinds of geometric objects, such as tangent vectors, scalar densities, and tangent vector densities of non-unit weight, satisfy the condition of sameness in all models if they merely fail to vanish. If these "susceptible" geometric objects can hardly help being absolute, to what degree are they, or the theories harboring them, responsible for this absoluteness? The answer to this question helps to determine the significance of the Geroch-Giulini counterexample.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3284/1/Leeds2007.pdf
Pitts, J. Brian (2007) Absolute Objects, Counterexamples and General Covariance. In: UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3361
2010-10-07T15:15:11Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3361/
The Arbitrariness of Local Gauge Symmetry
Guay, Alexandre
Fields and Particles
Quantum Field Theory
This paper shows how the study of surpluses of structure is an interesting philosophical task. In particular I explore how local gauge symmetry in quantized Yang-Mills theories is the by-product of the specific dynamical structure of interaction. It is shown how in non relativistic quantum mechanics gauge symmetry corresponds to the freedom to locally define global features of gauge potentials. Also discussed is how in quantum field theory local gauge symmetry is replaced by BRST symmetry. This last symmetry is apparently the result of the fact that we do not know how to define quantum Yang-Mills theories without unphysical gauge boson states. Since Yang-Mills theories describe successfully three of the four fundamental interactions the elucidation of this symmetry is a pressing philosophical question.
2004-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3361/1/arbitraire.pdf
Guay, Alexandre (2004) The Arbitrariness of Local Gauge Symmetry. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3385
2010-10-07T15:21:23Z
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3391
2010-10-07T15:15:16Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:7374727563747572652D6F662D7468656F72696573
7375626A656374733D67656E:6D6F64656C732D616E642D696465616C697A6174696F6E
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3391/
Discussion Note: Conceptual Problems in Classical Electrodynamics
Frisch, Mathias
Classical Physics
Structure of Theories
Models and Idealization
Fields and Particles
I have argued that the standard ways of modeling classical particle-field interactions rely on a set of inconsistent assumptions. This claim has been criticized in (Muller forthcoming). In this paper I respond to some of Muller's criticism.
2007-06
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3391/1/Reply_to_Muller.pdf
Frisch, Mathias (2007) Discussion Note: Conceptual Problems in Classical Electrodynamics. UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3419
2010-10-07T15:15:20Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3419/
Gauge Symmetry and the Theta Vacuum
Healey, Richard
Symmetries/Invariances
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
According to conventional wisdom, local gauge symmetry is not a symmetry of nature, but an artifact of how our theories represent nature. But a study of the so-called theta-vacuum appears to refute this view. The ground state of a quantized non-Abelian Yang-Mills gauge theory is characterized by a real-valued, dimensionless parameter theta—a fundamental new constant of nature. The structure of this vacuum state is often said to arise from a degeneracy of the vacuum of the corresponding classical theory, which degeneracy allegedly arises from the fact that “large” (but not “small”) local gauge transformations connect physically distinct states of zero field energy. If that is right, then some local gauge transformations do generate empirical symmetries. In defending conventional wisdom against this challenge I hope to clarify the meaning of empirical symmetry while deepening our understanding of gauge transformations. I distinguish empirical from theoretical symmetries. Using Galileo’s ship and Faraday’s cube as illustrations, I say when an empirical symmetry is implied by a theoretical symmetry. I explain how the theta-vacuum arises, and how “large” gauge transformations differ from “small” ones. I then present two analogies from elementary quantum mechanics. By applying my analysis of the relation between empirical and theoretical symmetries, I show which analogy faithfully portrays the character of the vacuum state of a classical non-Abelian Yang-Mills gauge theory. The upshot is that “large” as well as “small” gauge transformations are purely formal symmetries of non-Abelian Yang-Mills gauge theories, whether classical or quantized. It is still worth distinguishing between these kinds of symmetries. An analysis of gauge within the constrained-Hamiltonian formalism yields the result that “large” gauge transformations should not be classified as gauge transformations; indeed, nor should “global” gauge transformations. In a theory in which boundary conditions are modeled dynamically, “global” gauge transformations may be associated with physical symmetries, corresponding to translations of these extra dynamical variables. Such translations are symmetries if and only if charge is conserved. But it is hard to argue that these symmetries are empirical, and in any case they do not correspond to any constant phase change in a quantum state.
2007
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3419/1/Madrid_paper_%28archive%29.pdf
Healey, Richard (2007) Gauge Symmetry and the Theta Vacuum. In: UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3584
2010-10-07T15:15:42Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D67656E:7265616C69736D2D616E74692D7265616C69736D
74797065733D6F74686572
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3584/
SCIENTIFIC REALISM IN THE AGE OF STRING THEORY
Dawid, Richard
Fields and Particles
Realism/Anti-realism
String theory currently is the only viable candidate for a unified description of all known natural forces. This article tries to demonstrate that the fundamental structural and methodological differences that set string theory apart from other physical theories have important philosophical consequences. Focussing on implications for the realism debate in philosophy of science, it is argued that both poles of that debate face new problems in the context of string theory. On the one hand, the claim of underdetermination of scientific theory by the available empirical data, which is a pivotal element of empiricism, loses much of its plausibility. On the other hand, the dissolution of any meaningful notion of an external ontological object destroys the basis for conventional versions of scientific realism. String theory seems to suggest an intermediate position akin to Structural Realism that is based on a newly emerging principle, to be called the principle of theoretical uniqueness.
2007-09
Other
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3584/1/latex-scientific_realism_in_the_age_of_string_theory%28new%29.pdf
Dawid, Richard (2007) SCIENTIFIC REALISM IN THE AGE OF STRING THEORY. UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3598
2010-10-07T15:15:44Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3598/
Identical Particles and Weak Discernibility
Dieks, Dennis
Versteegh, Marijn
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Field Theory
Saunders has recently claimed that ``identical quantum particles'' with an anti-symmetric state (fermions) are weakly discernible objects, just like irreflexively related ordinary objects in situations with perfect symmetry (Black's spheres, for example). Weakly discernible objects have all their qualitative properties in common but nevertheless differ from each other by virtue of (a generalized version of) Leibniz's principle, since they stand in relations an entity cannot have to itself. This notion of weak discernibility has been criticized as question begging, but we defend and accept it for classical cases likes Black's spheres. We argue, however, that the quantum mechanical case is different. Here the application of the notion of weak discernibility indeed is question begging and in conflict with standard interpretational ideas. We conclude that the introduction of the conceptual resource of weak discernibility does not change the interpretational status quo in quantum mechanics.
2007-10
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3598/1/quantumobjectsrevised2.pdf
Dieks, Dennis and Versteegh, Marijn (2007) Identical Particles and Weak Discernibility. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3661
2010-10-07T15:15:51Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3661/
Frisch, Muller and Belot on an Inconsistency in Classical Electrodynamics
Vickers, Peter
Fields and Particles
This paper follows up a debate as to whether classical electrodynamics is inconsistent. Mathias Frisch makes the claim in Inconsistency, Asymmetry and Non-Locality ([2005]), but this has been quickly countered by Fred Muller ([2007]) and Gordon Belot ([2007]). Here I argue that both Muller and Belot fail to connect with the background assumptions which support Frisch’s claim. Responding to Belot I explicate Frisch’s position in more detail, before providing my own criticisms. Correcting Frisch’s position, I find that I can present the theory in a way both authors can agree upon. Differences then manifest themselves purely within the reasoning methods employed.
2007-11
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3661/1/mid-November_2007.pdf
Vickers, Peter (2007) Frisch, Muller and Belot on an Inconsistency in Classical Electrodynamics. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3782
2010-10-07T15:16:04Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3782/
"Charge without Charge" in the Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Sharlow, Mark
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
In this note I examine some implications of stochastic interpretations of quantum mechanics for the concept of "charge without charge" presented by Wheeler and Misner. I argue that if a stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics were correct, then certain shortcomings of the "charge without charge" concept could be overcome.
2007-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3782/1/charge_stochastic.pdf
Sharlow, Mark (2007) "Charge without Charge" in the Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3783
2010-10-07T15:16:04Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:72656C617469766974792D7468656F7279
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6D656368616E696373
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3783/
Generalizing "Charge without Charge" to Obtain Classical Analogs of Short-Range Interactions
Sharlow, Mark
Relativity Theory
Fields and Particles
Quantum Mechanics
Several decades ago, Wheeler and Misner presented a model of electric charge ("charge without charge") based on the topological trapping of electric field lines in wormholes. In this paper, which does not argue for or against the "charge without charge" concept, I describe some generalizations of this model which might serve as topological analogs of color charges and electroweak charges.
2007-12
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3783/1/generalizing_charge.pdf
Sharlow, Mark (2007) Generalizing "Charge without Charge" to Obtain Classical Analogs of Short-Range Interactions. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3815
2010-10-07T15:16:08Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:73796D6D6574726965732D696E76617269616E636573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:7175616E74756D2D6669656C642D7468656F7279
74797065733D706974747072657072696E74
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3815/
A Partial Elucidation of the Gauge Principle
Guay, Alexandre
Symmetries/Invariances
Fields and Particles
Physics
Quantum Field Theory
The elucidation of the gauge principle "is the most pressing problem in current philosophy of physics" Michael Redhead in 2003. This paper argues for two points that contribute to this elucidation in the context of Yang-Mills theories. 1) Yang-Mills theories, including quantum electrodynamics, form a class. They should be interpreted together. To focus on electrodynamics is potentially misleading. 2) The essential role of gauge and BRST symmetries is to provide a local field theory that can be quantized and would be equivalent to the quantization of the non-local reduced theory. If this is correct, the gauge symmetry is significant, not so much because it implies ontological consequences, but because it allows us to quantize theories that we would not be able to quantize otherwise. Thus, in the context of Yang-Mills theories, it is essentially a pragmatic principle. This does not seem to be the case for the gauge symmetry in general relativity.
2008-01
Preprint
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3815/1/interfolio.pdf
Guay, Alexandre (2008) A Partial Elucidation of the Gauge Principle. [Preprint]
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3820
2016-06-17T19:33:46Z
7375626A656374733D67656E:636175736174696F6E
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3820/
Causal Reasoning in Physics
Frisch, Mathias
Causation
Fields and Particles
Physics
In this paper I examine several neo-Russellian arguments for the claim that there is no room for an asymmetric notion of cause in mature physical theories. I argue that these arguments are unsuccessful and discuss an example where an asymmetric causal condition plays an important role in the derivation of a physical law.
2008
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3820/1/Cause_Physics2.doc
Frisch, Mathias (2008) Causal Reasoning in Physics. In: UNSPECIFIED.
oai:philsci-archive.pitt.edu:3832
2010-10-07T15:16:09Z
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:636C6173736963616C2D70687973696373
7375626A656374733D67656E:636175736174696F6E
7375626A656374733D73706563:70687973696373:6669656C64732D616E642D7061727469636C6573
74797065733D636F6E666572656E63655F6974656D
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3832/
Is There an Independent Principle of Causality in Physics? A Comment on Matthias Frisch, “Causal Reasoning in Physics.”
Norton, John D.
Classical Physics
Causation
Fields and Particles
Matthias Frisch has argued that the requirement that electromagnetic dispersion processes are causal adds empirical content not found in electrodynamic theory. I urge that this attempt to reconstitute a local principle of causality in physics fails. An independent principle is not needed to recover the results of dispersion theory. The use of “causality conditions” prove to be either an exercise in relabeling an already presumed fact; or, if one seeks a broader, independently formulated grounding for the conditions, that grounding either fails or dissolves into vagueness and ambiguity, as has traditionally been the fate of candidate principles of causality.
2008
Conference or Workshop Item
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3832/1/On_Frisch_PC_v2.pdf
Norton, John D. (2008) Is There an Independent Principle of Causality in Physics? A Comment on Matthias Frisch, “Causal Reasoning in Physics.”. In: UNSPECIFIED.
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