Miller, Ryan (2024) The Irreducibility of Chemistry to Everettian Quantum Mechanics. [Preprint]

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Abstract

The question of whether chemical structure is reducible to Everettian Quantum Mechanics (EQM) should be of interest to philosophers of chemistry and philosophers of physics alike. Among the three realist interpretations of quantum mechanics, EQM resolves the measurement problem by claiming that measurements (now interpreted as instances of decoherence) have indeterminate outcomes absolutely speaking, but determinate outcomes relative to emergent worlds (Maudlin, 1995). Philosophers who wish to be sensitive to the practice of quantum chemistry (e.g. Scerri, 2016) should be interested in EQM because Franklin and Seifert (2020) claim that resolving the measurement problem also resolves the reducibility of chemical structure, and EQM is the interpretation which involves no mathematical structure beyond that used by practicing scientists. Philosophers interested in the quantum interpretation debate should be interested in the reducibility of chemistry because chemical structure is precisely the kind of determinate three-dimensional fact which EQM should be able to ground if it is to be empirically coherent (see Allori, 2023). The prospects for reduction of chemical structure are poor if it cannot succeed in EQM; the prospects for EQM as a guide to ontology are poor if it cannot reduce chemical structure.

Unfortunately for proponents of chemical reduction and EQM, there are three serious barriers to the reduction of chemistry to EQM. The first concern is that quantum treatments of chemical structure rely on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, which holds nuclear locations fixed while minimizing the energy of the electronic configuration (Hendry, 2022), but this approximation is not licensed by EQM. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation relies on nuclei and molecular orbitals being simultaneously present, but in the three-dimensional ontology following from the Everett interpretation these only emerge at different energy scales and are not simultaneously present (Miller, 2023). The second concern is that the emergent worlds of EQM are supposed to be decoherent at the macro-scale (A. Wilson, 2020), but the recent development of superchemistry suggests that chemical reactions can occur in coherent states (Zhang et al., 2023). The third concern is that emergent worlds are only pragmatic pseudo-processes (Wallace, 2012b), but this means EQM trades realist physics for mere instrumentalism about chemistry. Absent a commitment to chemical realism, reduction is an empty promise. The prospects for reduction of chemical structure to EQM are therefore poor.

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Item Type:	Preprint
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID Miller, Ryan 66millerr@cua.edu 0000-0003-0268-2570
Keywords:	Everettianism, quantum chemistry, reduction, strong emergence
Subjects:	Specific Sciences > Chemistry General Issues > Models and Idealization General Issues > Operationalism/Instrumentalism Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Mechanics General Issues > Realism/Anti-realism General Issues > Reductionism/Holism
Depositing User:	Ryan Miller
Date Deposited:	19 Oct 2024 13:46
Last Modified:	19 Oct 2024 13:46
Item ID:	24080
Subjects:	Specific Sciences > Chemistry General Issues > Models and Idealization General Issues > Operationalism/Instrumentalism Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Mechanics General Issues > Realism/Anti-realism General Issues > Reductionism/Holism
Date:	2024
URI:	https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/24080

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