Peters, Uwe and Bertazzoli, Andrea and DeJesus, Jasmine M. and van der Velden, Gisela J. and Chin-Yee, Benjamin (2025) Generics in science communication: Misaligned interpretations across laypeople, scientists, and large language models. [Preprint]

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Abstract

Scientists often use generics, that is, unquantified statements about whole categories of people or phenomena, when communicating research findings (e.g., “statins reduce cardiovascular events”). Large language models (LLMs),
such as ChatGPT, frequently adopt the same style when summarizing scientific texts. However, generics can prompt overgeneralizations, especially when they are interpreted differently across audiences. In a study comparing laypeople, scientists, and two leading LLMs (ChatGPT-5 and DeepSeek), we found systematic differences in interpretation of generics. Compared to most scientists, laypeople judged scientific generics as more generalizable and credible, while LLMs rated them even higher. These mismatches highlight significant risks for science communication. Scientists may use generics and incorrectly assume laypeople share their interpretation, while LLMs may systematically overgeneralize scientific findings when summarizing research. Our findings underscore the need for greater attention to language choices in both human and LLM-mediated science communication.

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Item Type:	Preprint
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID Peters, Uwe u.peters@uu.nl Bertazzoli, Andrea DeJesus, Jasmine M. van der Velden, Gisela J. Chin-Yee, Benjamin
Keywords:	science communication; generics; laypeople; scientists; ChatGPT
Subjects:	Specific Sciences > Mathematics > Values Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Values In Science
Depositing User:	Dr. Uwe Peters
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2026 13:40
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2026 13:40
Item ID:	28132
Subjects:	Specific Sciences > Mathematics > Values Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence General Issues > Confirmation/Induction General Issues > Values In Science
Date:	5 February 2025
URI:	https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/28132

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