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Higher-Order Evidence and Legal Cross-Examination

Peruzzi, Edoardo and De Benedetto, Matteo (2026) Higher-Order Evidence and Legal Cross-Examination. [Preprint]

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Abstract

This paper aims to show the central role that higher-order evidence plays in an established cultural practice in our society, namely, legal cross-examination. First, we will
show how legal cross-examination can be epistemologically reconstructed as an epistemic practice that has the higher-order defeat of a witness’s testimony as its main goal. Then, we will discuss how different paradigmatic cases of successful cross-examination arguably instantiate different mechanisms of higher-order defeat that have been described in the epistemological literature. We will argue that our analysis further demonstrates the significance of higher-order evidence as an epistemic phenomenon and provides a prima facie case for a pluralist view of higher-order defeat.


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Item Type: Preprint
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCID
Peruzzi, Edoardoedoardoperuzzi96@gmail.com0000-0002-9379-4019
De Benedetto, Matteo
Additional Information: Accepted in Synthese.
Keywords: higher-order evidence, legal epistemology, cross-examination
Subjects: General Issues > Evidence
General Issues > Science and Society
General Issues > Social Epistemology of Science
Depositing User: Dr. Edoardo Peruzzi
Date Deposited: 07 Feb 2026 19:29
Last Modified: 07 Feb 2026 19:29
Item ID: 28147
Subjects: General Issues > Evidence
General Issues > Science and Society
General Issues > Social Epistemology of Science
Date: February 2026
URI: https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/28147

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