Céspedes, Esteban
(2026)
Kinematic Space and Time Emergence.
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Abstract
While the traditional block universe view posits a static four-dimensional manifold where all moments exist with equal temporal and ontological status, the Evolving Block Universe (EBU) theory provides a framework to address how temporal evolution can be compatible with physical determinism. Furthermore, it attempts to characterize spacetime emergence---and thus the emergence of cosmological time---alongside various local physical temporalities. This paper focuses on a specific criticism regarding an explanatory circularity that supposedly affects the EBU view and proposes a solution to this problem in terms of a nuanced definition of emergence based on structural similarity and contextual emergence. By applying kinematic space theory (KST) to the argument, the focus on the emergence of time is expressed in the polysemy of this work’s title, which addresses spacetime emergence as well as time emergence within KST; in particular, exploring the derivation of spacetime emergence from time emergence.
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