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Certifying Learned Variables

Freeborn, David Peter Wallis (2026) Certifying Learned Variables. [Preprint]

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Abstract

Machine learning can discover variables that predict the large-scale behavior of physical systems, but prediction alone does not establish that they belong to the system's effective physics. I argue that a learned variable is certified when there is warrant that its governing relationship remains invariant across an independently specified range of irrelevant variations. When the variable is physically opaque, certification must proceed externally, through the learning process or the variable's behavior across that range. The learned Ising coarse-graining can be certified in this way; softness in glass-forming liquids cannot yet. Non-certification, however, does not establish proxyhood. Certification warrants bounded, domain-relative projection, while leaving its stronger realist interpretation open.


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Item Type: Preprint
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCID
Freeborn, David Peter Wallisdavid.freeborn@nulondon.ac.uk0000-0002-2117-8145
Keywords: renormalization, renormalization group, machine learning, computation, scientific realism, effective theories, effective models, certifying variables, realism, certification, instrumentalism, universality, quantum field theory,
Subjects: Specific Sciences > Computation/Information
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence
General Issues > Computer Simulation
Specific Sciences > Physics > Condensed Matter
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning
General Issues > Operationalism/Instrumentalism
Specific Sciences > Physics
Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Field Theory
General Issues > Realism/Anti-realism
Depositing User: David Freeborn
Date Deposited: 23 Jun 2026 19:54
Last Modified: 23 Jun 2026 19:54
Item ID: 30260
Subjects: Specific Sciences > Computation/Information
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence
General Issues > Computer Simulation
Specific Sciences > Physics > Condensed Matter
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning
General Issues > Operationalism/Instrumentalism
Specific Sciences > Physics
Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Field Theory
General Issues > Realism/Anti-realism
Date: 22 June 2026
URI: https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/30260

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