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Machine Learning and Theory-Ladenness: A Phenomenological Account

Ratti, Emanuele and Termine, Alberto and Facchini, Alessandro (2025) Machine Learning and Theory-Ladenness: A Phenomenological Account. [Preprint]

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Abstract

We provide an analysis of theory-ladenness in machine learning (ML) in science, where ‘theory’ (that we call 'domain-theory') refers to the domain knowledge of the scientific discipline where ML is used. By constructing an account of ML models based on a comparison with phenomenological models, we show (against recent trends in philosophy of science) that ML model-building is mostly indifferent to domain-theory. This claim, we argue, has far-reaching consequences for the transferability of ML across scientific disciplines, and shifts the priorities of the debate on theory-ladenness in ML from descriptive to normative.


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Item Type: Preprint
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCID
Ratti, Emanuelemnl.ratti@gmail.com0000-0003-1409-8240
Termine, Albertoalberto.termine@unimi.it0000-0001-5993-0948
Facchini, Alessandroalessandro.facchini@idsia.ch0000-0001-7507-116X
Additional Information: Draft. Comments are welcome.
Keywords: machine learning theory-ladenness phenomenological models scientific modelling
Subjects: General Issues > Data
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning
General Issues > Models and Idealization
General Issues > Technology
General Issues > Theory Change
General Issues > Theory/Observation
Depositing User: Dr Emanuele Ratti
Date Deposited: 22 Aug 2025 14:36
Last Modified: 22 Aug 2025 14:36
Item ID: 26334
Subjects: General Issues > Data
Specific Sciences > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning
General Issues > Models and Idealization
General Issues > Technology
General Issues > Theory Change
General Issues > Theory/Observation
Date: 2025
URI: https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/26334

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