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On Causality and Predictivity

Anselmi, Damiano (2026) On Causality and Predictivity. [Preprint]

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Abstract

Certain approaches to quantum gravity, such as the one based on the concept of purely virtual particles (fakeons), sacrifice the cause-effect relation at very small scales to reconcile renormalizability with unitarity. Other developments have also urged caution regarding the idea of causality as a fundamental principle. In this paper, we examine the problem from multiple perspectives, including locality and predictivity, and extend the existing skepticism in several directions. Emphasizing the impact of unruly “disruptors”, we point out that the illusory arrow of time associated with causality and predictivity is inherently statistical. This renders the cause-effect relation strained at the microscopic level. We also show that causation is a borderline concept that demands belief in entities which can act on nature without being part of it. Ultimately, not only is renouncing microcausality a reasonable price to pay for a consistent and predictive theory of quantum gravity (as is the one based on the fakeon idea), but the very notion of causality is misleading. Resting as it does on metaphysical assumptions, it should therefore be abandoned in fundamental physics.


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Item Type: Preprint
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCID
Anselmi, Damianodamiano.anselmi@unipi.it0000-0001-6674-1328
Keywords: quantum gravity, causality, predictivity, fakeons
Subjects: General Issues > Causation
General Issues > Laws of Nature
Specific Sciences > Physics
Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Gravity
Depositing User: Prof. Damiano Anselmi
Date Deposited: 14 Jan 2026 13:42
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026 13:42
Item ID: 27885
Subjects: General Issues > Causation
General Issues > Laws of Nature
Specific Sciences > Physics
Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Gravity
Date: 13 January 2026
URI: https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/id/eprint/27885

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