Quantum Measurement Without Collapse or Many Worlds: The Branched Hilbert Subspace Interpretation

Wang, Xing M. (2025) Quantum Measurement Without Collapse or Many Worlds: The Branched Hilbert Subspace Interpretation. [Preprint]

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Official URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14791

Abstract

The interpretation of quantum measurements presents a fundamental challenge in quantum mechanics, with concepts such as the Copenhagen Interpretation (CI), Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), and Bohmian Mechanics (BM) offering distinct perspectives. We propose the Branched Hilbert Subspace Interpretation (BHSI), which describes measurement as branching the local Hilbert space of a system into parallel subspaces. We formalize the mathematical framework of BHSI using branching and the engaging and disengaging unitary operators to relationally and causally update the states of observers. Unlike the MWI, BHSI avoids the ontological proliferation of worlds and copies of observers, realizing the Born rule based on branch weights. Unlike the CI, BHSI retains the essential features of the MWI: unitary evolution and no wavefunction collapse. Unlike the BM, BHSI does not depend on a nonlocal structure, which may conflict with relativity. We apply BHSI to examples such as the double-slit experiment, the Bell test, Wigner and his friend, and the black hole information paradox. In addition, we explore whether recohering branches can be achieved in BHSI. Compared to the CI and MWI, BHSI provides a minimalist, unitarity-preserving, collapse-free, and probabilistically inherent alternative interpretation of quantum measurements.

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Item Type:

Preprint

Creators:

Creators	Email	ORCID
Wang, Xing M.	shermanw2009@gmail.com	0000-0001-8673-925X

Keywords:

branched Hilbert subspaces, Bohmian Mechanics, Copenhagen Interpretation, decoherence, Many-Worlds Interpretation, No-Hiding Theorem, the Born rule, unitarity

Subjects:

General Issues > Philosophers of Science
Specific Sciences > Physics > Quantum Mechanics

Depositing User:

Dr. Xing M. Wang

Date Deposited:

25 Apr 2025 12:55

Last Modified:

25 Apr 2025 12:55

Item ID:

25139

Official URL:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.14791